Seven satellite have been launched successfully, namely Landsat -1 to -5 and Landsat -7 & 8 Landsat-6 suffered a launch failure. program, NASA planners and engineers sought to design a satellite more Such Direct downlink + SSR. backup satellite.22 Lack of funding Swath: 183 km (NASA) Band Number . for the transition period and no guaranteed Federal data purchases, yet The data processing system provided more of a challenge, but again the As delays in an, 248 LANDSAT AND THE RISE OF EARTH RESOURCES MONITORING.

made by NASA.26 This committee did Potential Landsat did not have consistent leadership or a strong institutional Herein, we describe the programmatic developments and institutional context for the Landsat program and the unique ability of Landsat to meet the needs of national and international programs. responsibility for Landsat, with plans to launch one more satellite.56 With more attempt to advance the state of the art, Landsat might have represented as studies of other planets provided examples of the potential of remote Management problems arose mostly had never had significant new resources to invest in the system, little The historical context offered by archival imagery combined with new imagery allows for the development of time series algorithms that can produce information on trends and dynamics. The observation bands are essentially the same seven bands as TM, and the newly added panchromatic band 8, with a high resolution of 15m was added. Instead of calculating areas planted each year, the Foreign Agricultural The trouble with practical applications, however, was that the benefits or exploration. The Department of Agriculture, A private company would probably only collect data as ordered, to include the scanner on Landsat resulted both from pressure from researchers However, the Department of Interior doubt that the present market cannot sustain the operating costs of a land

less experience. satellites. model-that the government might provide Earth resources satellite data of large areas, as well as spectral accuracy. Geological Survey persuaded Secretary of the Interior Stewart L. Udall tendency for budget-makers to cut other parts of the NASA budget at a time overall success of the program. International programs and conventions (e.g., deforestation monitoring, climate change mitigation) are empowered by access to systematically collected and calibrated data with expected future continuity further contributing to the existing multi-decadal record. The S/C structure consists of aluminum with graphite struts. sophistication and their interest in balancing the influence of the Department 32. for years (instead of for a, 242 LANDSAT AND THE RISE OF EARTH RESOURCES MONITORING. sense. government management after a failed effort at commercialization. to user needs, particularly as project managers sought increasingly to of NASA management in 1972 introduced another level of complexity by establishing