The temperature falls to about 6,000 Kelvin and heat transfer takes place through convection.

Some features of the Sun’s surface include sunspots, solar flares, and prominences. The chromosphere as seen through a filter.

Astrophysical Journal. The sun's atmosphere is made up of three layers. The Sun is mostly made of hydrogen with smaller amounts of helium in the form of plasma. Space Ref. You have given a detailed account of the various layers and features of Sun here. The Sun is a sphere, composed almost entirely of the elements hydrogen and helium. The video above was taken from the SDO, the most advanced spacecraft ever designed to study the Sun. 1. Salient Features of the Sun Sun- is the largest body in our solar system. The calculation also requires you to know the true distance between the Earth and the Sun, D = 1.496 x 108 km and the distance (d = 1 meter) between the clipboard and the index card. The ions of hydrogen and helium are responsible for energy transfer in this layer. Nuclear fusion of hydrogen in the core of the Sun produces tremendous amounts of energy that radiate out from the Sun. These are the major components, features, parts, zones and layers of the sun, and I hope that that now you have understood what makes up the sun. Studies show that there exist some water and carbon monoxide molecules in the cooler region. Parker, E.N. Answer: From the inner layers or from atmosphere, especially when atmospheric elements are made to react on the surface of the sun. But one more interesting thing about this celestial body is that the solar luminosity is not constant: it is on the rise. But first, what exactly is the sun?
This graphic shows a model of the layers of the Sun, with approximate mileage ranges for each layer. Corona. The core occupies 25% of the star's radius (Mullan, D.J, Aller, L.H, Cohen, H, Zirker J.B). The Sun also has an atmosphere, with a lower region called the chromosphere and an upper section known as the corona. Visit us on Instagram. Which two elements make up the Sun almost in entirety? berie.mirkuz@gmail.com on February 05, 2018: an interesting article which provides me enough information, very useful article , it has ADDED MUCH IN MY KNOWLEDGE, NOW I KNOW QUITE A LOT ABOUT MY STAR SUN THANKS. Since just after its launch on February 11, 2010, SDO is providing images with clarity 10 times better than high-definition television and will return more comprehensive science data faster than any other solar observing spacecraft. A movie of the flare is seen here: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MDacxUQWeRw. Describe the layers of the Sun. Try this out and see how accurately you can measure the true diameter of the Sun. Answer: Magnetic energy, radiations, rays, heat etc. Aller, L.H. He loves to study and write about the solar system. What is solar wind? Prominences can last for a day to several months. If a loop of the sun’s magnetic field snaps and breaks, it creates solar flares, which are violent explosions that release huge amounts of energy (Figure below).

The main part of the Sun has three layers: the core, radiative zone, and convection zone. Heliosphere. Layers of the Sun . We can measure the diameter of the Sun, even though we cannot go to the Sun and even though the Sun is far too large for a human being to measure. The disturbed, magnetically active regions around sunspots often generate solar flares and coronal mass ejections (CME), two types of immense explosions. X-rays- Formed when the sun’s magnetic field gets twisted up. The next three layers make up the Sun’s atmosphere. Radio emissions- Formed when magnetic field lines interact with elements on the surface. Sunspots usually occur in pairs. The rest, 99.8% of all the mass in the solar system, is the Sun! There are other types of interruptions of the Sun’s magnetic energy. Because the Sun is not solid, it does not have a defined outer boundary. The visible "surface" of the Sun, called the photosphere, sits atop the interior layers. Most of the imagery comes from SDO’s AIA instrument; different colors represent different temperatures, a common technique for observing solar features. Voids called coronal holes sometimes appear in the solar atmosphere, allowing fast streams of solar wind to flow freely outward into space. From inward to outward they are: The first video describes the basics of our Sun, including how it is powered by nuclear reactions (1e): http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JHf3dG0Bx7I (8:34). A strong solar flare can turn into a coronal mass ejection (Figure below). The celestial body was formed from a collapse of a giant cloud that consisted mainly of hydrogen and helium. A solar flare or coronal mass ejection releases streams of highly energetic particles that make up the solar wind. Before you can correctly solve this equation, you will need to be sure all of your measurements are in the same units – in this case, change all your measurements to km. This is the outermost layer of the solar atmosphere. Sunspots are located where loops of the Sun’s magnetic field break through the surface and disrupt the smooth transfer of heat from lower layers of the Sun, making them cooler and darker and marked by intense magnetic activity. Describe the surface features of the Sun. Most atoms in the Sun exist as plasma, a fourth state of matter made up of superheated gas with a positive electrical charge. The mass of the Sun is 99.8% of the mass of our solar system.

The Sun’s central core is plasma with a temperature of around 27 million.

The surface is composed of hot gases and other elements that are at a temperature of approximately 6,000 Kelvin (Aller, L.H, Wilk, S.R). - it is the nearest star to our planet. The temperature of this zone is less than 6,000 K (Zirker J.B, Mullan, D.J, Aller, L.H, Cohen, H). But one more interesting thing about this celestial body is that the solar luminosity is not constant: it is on the rise. The Sun, as shown by the illustration to the left, can be divided into six layers. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JHf3dG0Bx7I, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S6VRKKh6gyA, http://sdo.gsfc.nasa.gov/gallery/youtube.php, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MDacxUQWeRw, http://science.kqed.org/quest/video/quest-quiz-the-sun/, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QrmUUcr4HXg, http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/sdo/news/briefing-materials-20100421.html, http://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/Gallery/SDOFirstLight.html, http://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/iTunes/f0004_index.html, http://www.ck12.org/book/CK-12-Earth-Science-For-High-School/. The solar wind can be dangerous to spacecraft and astronauts because it sends out large amounts of radiation that can harm the human body. In what way does the Sun support all life on Earth? The Sun is not solid or a typical gas. National Center for Atmospheric Research Graham Crumb/Imagicity.com [CC BY-SA 3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0)], via Wikimedia Commons. Forced Order . Januaris Saint Fores (author) from Intercontinental on May 02, 2015: Venkatachari M from Hyderabad, India on May 01, 2015: Very interesting article. Its temperature lies between 6,000 K to 20,000 K (De Pontieu). Why would human astronauts on a trip to Mars need to be concerned about solar wind? This is a common question that I think has never gotten the right answer. The zone extends to another layer surrounding the star known as photosphere (Cohen, H, Mullan, D.J, Aller, L.H, Zirker J.B, Tobias, S.M). Our Sun consists almost entirely of the elements hydrogen and helium. The interior of the Sun is divided into three main regions. 2. This is a very good explanation of the structure of the earth it helped me alot with my geography thank you ever so much, wow it helps alot for my research thank u very much. If the Sun is made of gases such as hydrogen and helium, how can it have layers. Describe the surface features of the Sun. by teedslaststand Plays Quiz not verified by Sporcle . (a) Sunspots usually occur in 11-year cycles, increasing from a minimum number to a maximum number and then gradually decreasing to a minimum number again. A coronal mass ejection is a large ejection of plasma from the star seen in this image. The Sun also has regions, but of a very different nature. Answer: Yeah, as heart sometimes refers to the center.

LESSON 2. Solar flares have knocked out entire power grids and disturbed radio, satellite, and cell phone communications. It is filled with energetic particles as well as the solar wind, and is believed to be felt in all planets (Space Ref, Rusell, C.T). When a loop of the Sun’s magnetic field breaks through the surface, a sunspot is created where the loop comes out and where it goes back in again. By setting up one very small triangle that is proportional to another very large triangle, we can find an unknown distance or measurement as long as we know three out of four of the parts of the equation. To find these videos for download, check out: Subscribe to NASA’s Goddard Shorts HD podcast: To learn more about the SDO mission, visit: To learn about an older solar mission, SOHO, see: If something were to suddenly cause nuclear fusion to stop in the Sun, how would we know? The two elements came from the Big Bang process and account for 98% of the celestial object's mass. To measure the Sun we use the rules of similar triangles. Prominences are also visible during a total solar eclipse. University Corporation for Atmospheric Research, Visit us on Facebook The main regions of the Sun include its interior, surface (photosphere), and atmosphere.Credit: SOHO (ESA & NASA). If plasma flows along a loop of the Sun’s magnetic field from sunspot to sunspot, it forms a glowing arch that reaches thousands of kilometers into the Sun’s atmosphere. - it is only one of the many billions of stars in the galaxy and a typical main-sequence star. SDO sees the entire disk of the Sun in extremely high spatial and temporal resolution, allowing scientists to zoom in on notable events such as flares, waves, and sunspots. For example, sunspots are only visible with special light-filtering lenses. It has a defined structure, but lacks a solid surface. In this zone, the temperature is much lower than in the core. Nuclear fusion in stars is discussed more in the Stars, Galaxies, and the Universe chapter. Visit this page to know all the components, features and parts of this natural satellite! Solar prominences are displayed in this video from NASA’s Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO): http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QrmUUcr4HXg. Describe how movements in the convection zone contribute to solar flares. According to astrophysicists, this is the hottest zone/part of the sun. 2002. Answer: They just react resulting in heat and other elements/compounds. The movie Seeing a Star in a New Light can be seen here: http://sdo.gsfc.nasa.gov/gallery/youtube.php.
The Sun’s surface features are quite visible, but only with special equipment. (b) The corona and coronal loops in the lower solar atmosphere taken by the TRACE space telescope. The Sun also has an atmosphere, with a lower region called the chromosphere and an upper section known as the corona. Its upper region is cooler than the lower region, and this is the reason why the center of the solar is brighter than the edges. Visit us on Twitter Sunspots are dark blotches on the Sun's surface which reveal the presence of powerful magnetic disturbances. If you make a pinhole in an index card and project an image of the Sun onto a clipboard held 1 meter from the index card, the diameter of our projected image of the Sun will be proportional to the true diameter of the Sun.