wide (45-90 cm). This plant is listed as a noxious weed in one or more Midwestern states outside Missouri and should not be moved or grown under conditions that would involve danger of dissemination.

Around the margin of the head there are individual ray flowers, which are sterile, brightly coloured, usually yellow, but varying from deep yellow to red.

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The remaining material after oil extraction has a protein content of 28-45% and is used as cattle feed. Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day), 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b, 10a, 10b, 11a, 11b.

It is a species of prairies and other grasslands, old fields, roadsides, railroad rights-of-way, savannas, and forest edge. Wild sunflower seeds were an important source of food for Indians living in prehistoric times. http://www.cabi.org/cabebooks/ebook/20173158959 DOI:10.1079/9781786392145.0000. The disc-shaped flowering head is borne terminally on the main stem, 10-50 cm in diameter, sometimes drooping, and containing 800-8000 bisexual florets. © Copyright 2020 CAB International.

May need staking, particularly if grown in exposed locations. vi + 601 pp. Several ornamental cultivars of H. annuus have red-colored ray florets; all of them stem from a single original mutant. To use the website as intended please  ©Prof Matt Lavin-2016/Bozeman, Montana, USA - CC BY-SA 2.0, Helianthus annuus (sunflower); *SEM image of sunflower pollen grains. Native Americans used sunflower plants for treating a variety of ailments. Sunflower prefers the warm temperate regions, but is cultivated from 40°S to 55°N. N.C. 1400 Independence Ave., SW [ed.

Further, the florets of a sunflower are arranged in a natural spiral.[15]. The cultivated sunflower is an erect, hardy, often unbranched, coarse, stout-stemmed annual herb, with a varying height up to 4 m. The stem is robust, circular in section, 3-6 cm in diameter, curved below the head, and woody when mature. ©Prof Matt Lavin-2008/Bozeman, Montana, USA - CC BY-SA 2.0. The Silvery Checkerspot has at least 1-2 broods in the north from June-July in the deep south and Texas, they have as many as 3-4 broods from May through September. Witt, A., Luke, Q., 2017. Deleting this collection CANNOT be undone. The common names "sunflower" and "common sunflower" typically refer to the popular annual species Helianthus annuus, whose round flower heads in combination with the ligules look like the sun. Numerous bees, beetles and rarely butterflies are attracted to this plant. NC State University and N.C. A&T State University work in tandem, along with federal, state and local governments, to It was found that 1000 kg seed removed 60 kg N, 10 kg P and 180 kg K. Sunflower seedlings are poor competitors to weeds, and young plants are easily damaged by mechanical weed control. 1 Acanthaceae - Aizoaceae.

The ovary is inferior with a single basal ovule. Accept Observation Search (1397 records) Plant Characteristics. This charming summer border is a marriage of colors, shapes... Use our interactive toolsto design your dream garden. Rust, leaf fungal spots and powdery mildew are somewhat common. The ovary is inferior with a single basal ovule. To create additional collections, you must be a paid member of our site. Attractive to bees, their central disk gives way to sunflower seeds that provide food for birds in fall and winter.

39 to 118 inches) tall (cultivated forms often taller). The current method has been shown to have positive environmental impacts. Wallingford, UK: CABI. [9], Sunflowers originate in the Americas.

It is found across the conterminous U.S., but probably is native to the central and southern portion of the range and Mexico. Helianthus annuus L. Common sunflower, Hairy leaved sunflower, Sunflower Helianthus annuus, a dicot, is an annual herb that is native to California and and is also found elsewhere in North America and beyond.

[17], In Brazil, a unique system of production called the soybean-sunflower system is used: sunflowers are planted first, and then soybean crops follow, reducing idle periods and increasing total sunflower production and profitability. They were first domesticated in what is now Mexico and the Southern United States. FAOSTAT Database., Rome, Italy: FAO. September 2008. Where is this species invasive in the US. Extensive crossing and hybridizing have resulted in a large number of cultivars that greatly expand the range of flower colors (ray flowers in bright and pastel shades of yellow, red, mahogany, bronze, white and bicolors) and flower head shapes (short rays, long rays, some doubles). The brown or purplish disc florets are spirally arranged, flowering from the outer to the centre. Moreover, the period of effective machinery use is limited. by Witt A, Luke Q].

The plant is not self-fertile. Helianthus annuus range map. Cooperative Extension, which staffs local offices in all 100 counties and with the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians.

Hybridization has produced many cultivars, expanding the range of flowers from the common yellow to red, mahogany, bronze, white and bi-colors. A frost-free period of 120 days is usually necessary for commercial crops. Fish and Wildlife Service Issues Final Rule Protecting Three Flowers", "Geogebra: Sunflowers are irrationally pretty", "Environmental analysis of sunflower production with different forms of mineral nitrogen fertilizers", "Life-cycle assessment of the soybean-sunflower production system in the Brazilian Cerrado", "Major producer countries of sunflower seed, 2018/2019", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Helianthus&oldid=983491696, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 14 October 2020, at 14:56. Specimen or mass. It was introduced into Europe in the sixteenth century and cultivated by the Russians on a large scale. across (30 cm), with yellow petals surrounding a dark chocolate central disk. These showstoppers make outstanding cut flowers and are valuable additions to beds and borders. Leaves are usually alternate (lower leaves opposite), ovate, cordate, with three main veins, 10-30 cm long, 5-20 cm wide, margin serrate, and carried on long petioles.

New cultivars are adapted to a wide range of environments. Loved by the artist Van Gogh and generations of children, Sunflowers are fun, easy to grow, and require little care. Note scale. Some species also have additional shorter scales in the pappus, and one species lacks a pappus entirely. Sunflowers are usually planted in the extreme southern or northern regions of the country. Oil composition depends on temperature and can be 20-60% linoleic acid and 25-65% oleic acid, protein content is 15-20%. The cultivated sunflower is an erect, hardy, often unbranched, coarse, stout-stemmed annual herb, with a varying height up to 4 m. The stem is robust, circular in section, 3-6 cm in diameter, curved below the head, and woody when mature. More recent folk and herbal medicine uses include the control of pain, inflammation, coughs and a host of other remedies. Large, ovate to triangular, sandpapery leaves to 12” long. This species flowers in July to October depending on the part of the country in which it is found. In summer, it produces huge, brilliant flowers, up to 12 in. Flower heads on mammoth varieties can reach 12” in diameter. Create a membership account to save your garden designs and to view them on any device. Photo by David D. Taylor. The common names "sunflower" and "common sunflower" typically refer to the popular annual species Helianthus annuus, whose round flower heads in combination with the ligules look like the sun. Most of the perennials have disk flowers that are entirely yellow, but a few have disk flowers with reddish lobes. Mailstop Code: 1103 Guide to cultivated plants, CABI.vii-xi + 516 pp. [21], "Sunflower" and "Sunflowers" redirect here. This is a larval host plant that supports Silvery Checkerspot (Chlosyne nycteis). Center of head showing double spiral pattern of fruits (seeds) and yellow pollen on stamens. Sunflower development is classified by a series of vegetative stages and reproductive stages that can be determined by identifying the heads or main branch of a single head or branched head. Petals of open flowers have a bitter-sweet flower. Common Sunflower is an open land species, generally on moist soils. Native Range: United States and Central America, Bloom Description: Yellow, red, mahogany, bicolor rays with brown to purple center disk. Taller varieties should be sited in locations sheltered from strong winds. Cherished for their beauty, Sunflowers (Helianthus) are striking ornamental annuals or perennial plants grown for their colorful summer and fall blooms.