Pastoret writes that the common accusations of his immorality are unfounded: on the contrary, his law enjoins sobriety, generosity, and compassion on his followers: the "legislator of Arabia" was "a great man. [138] One example is the assassination of Ka'b ibn al-Ashraf, a chieftain of the Jewish tribe of Banu Nadir. [84] [272][273], The earliest documented Christian knowledge of Muhammad stems from Byzantine sources.

[247] Maria al-Qibtiyya bore him a son named Ibrahim ibn Muhammad, but the child died when he was two years old. [16] Henri de Boulainvilliers, in his Vie de Mahomed which was published posthumously in 1730, described Muhammad as a gifted political leader and a just lawmaker. [171] Some of these were later pardoned. Muhammad took this opportunity to look for a new home for himself and his followers. [11] He was given to Halimah bint Abi Dhuayb and her husband until he reached 2 years old. This placed Muhammad in danger; the withdrawal of clan protection implied that blood revenge for his killing would not be exacted. Many bedouins submitted to Muhammad to safeguard against his attacks and to benefit from the spoils of war.

[80] Around 613, Muhammad began to preach to the public (Quran 26:214).

[27], The earliest surviving written sira (biographies of Muhammad and quotes attributed to him) is Ibn Ishaq's Life of God's Messenger written c. 767 CE (150 AH). [4], https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Abdallahi_ibn_Muhammad&oldid=982572614, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 9 October 2020, at 00:09.

[109] By 622, Muhammad emigrated to Medina, a large agricultural oasis. As Muhammad's followers remained few in numbers, he revealed verses that pleased his pagan contemporaries. [158], Negotiations commenced with emissaries traveling to and from Mecca.

[212] The Quran requires payment of an alms tax (zakat) for the benefit of the poor; as Muhammad's power grew he demanded that tribes who wished to ally with him implement the zakat in particular.[213][214]. At the Battle of Omdurman on September 2, 1898, his army of 52,000 men was destroyed. [70] The Quranic verses of this period, unlike the Meccan verses, dealt with practical problems of government and issues like the distribution of spoils. The tradition also describes an angel appearing to him and offering retribution against the assailants. 4–5, "Muhammad", Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim world. I saw a man, pure and clean, with a handsome face and a fine figure. [251], In Islamic belief, Muhammad is regarded as the last prophet sent by God.