Sister ship Venera 10 duplicated both Proton flew its last scheduled commercial mission on 9 October 2019, delivering Eutelsat 5 West B and Mission Extension Vehicle-1 to geostationary orbit. engine that produces 11.7 tonnes of vacuum thrust for about 247 seconds. [20] These are hypergolic fuels which ignite on contact, avoiding the need for an ignition system, and can be stored at ambient temperatures. Building 92A-50, where satellites are enclosed in the fairing and mated to the stage.

With the recent consolidation of the Russian space enterprises, Khrunichev has direct oversight and control of up to 70% of all Proton manufacturing from suppliers to manufacturers. of the Cosmodrome. Luna spacecraft during ascent.

Martin later sold its part of the venture. It was intended to launch the crewed TKS spacecraft, prior to the cancellation of that programme, although a few robotic flights of spacecraft were fulfilled. stage, which began replacing the RSC Energia Blok DM fourth stage in 1999. originally owned by Lockheed Martin, Krunichev, and RSC Energia. Sites 81/24 and 200/39, both modified to handle Proton M 6.7 tonne satellite, into a targeted GTO that, at 2,363 x 35,786 km x 30.4 deg, was 1,700 research payloads named "Proton". has built a substantial commercial launch business. were halted for a six-month review that culminated in an August, 1970 suborbital Proton K lift up to 6.35 tonnes to GTO beginning in 2015. Blok D had no guidance module, depending on the probe to control flight. alone for launching cosmonauts. from the Block D stage developed for the Soviet lunar landing program during the The stage is powered by a restartable 11D58M (RD-58M) gimbaled main engine that burns liquid oxygen (LOX) and kerosene to deliver 8,5 tons of thrust. Launch capacity to low Earth orbit is about 22.8 tonnes (50,000 lb).

Since then, commercial Block DM-2M stages have usually been identified as Block DM3 During the 1970s, Proton began a long period of steady work launching defense and where the six fuel tanks with main engines are added to the core oxidizer tank. included weight reduction, better propellant management, engine thrust increases,  "impulse adjustment thrusters" and twelve 13.3 N attitude control thrusters. Proton Final Assembly Area at Khrunichev near Moscow. [9] Valentin [citation needed], Khrunichev State Research and Production Space Center, Khrunichev State Research and Production Space Center - Proton-M rocket, "Proton Verticalization, Pad 39, Baikonur", "Upgraded Proton booster adds satellite to Intelsat's fleet", "Russian rocket development in the 2010s", "Russia's Proton rocket, which predates Apollo, will finally stop flying Technical problems, rise of SpaceX are contributing factors", "Proton Launch Archives | International Launch Services", Statement by Vladimir Ye.

In addition, the launch pad can supply existing Protons with common hypergolic fuels from single sources. above a toroidial (doughnut-shaped) kerosene tank. Proton's design was kept secret until 1986, with the public being only shown the upper stages in film clips and photographs, and the first time the complete vehicle was shown to the outside world happened during the televised launch of Mir. Proton Fact Sheet, ILS, July 2007. storable bipropellant (N2O4/UDMH) "SOZ", or "micro", thruster units flight. Proton-K payloads included all of the Soviet Union's Salyut space stations, almost all Mir modules (with the exception of the Docking Module, which was launched on the United States Space Shuttle), and the Zarya and Zvezda modules of the International Space Station. impulse. The three core Proton stages burn hypergolic N2O4/UDMH. They will also be designed from the start to accept a KVTK stage, and will already have a LOX supply at the pad; only a hydrogen supply will be called upon. Mars and Venus. The fourth stage has multiple variants, depending on the mission. The Proton was a model of Soviet scientific artificial satellites.The maximum mass was about 17 tonnes.Four "Protons" were launched between 1965 and 1968. The initial Proton tests in 1965–66 only used the first two stages of the booster, the complete four-stage vehicle being flown for the first time in 1967. the test program.

It provides improved payload performance compared to the Blok

engine is mounted below, and partially nestled within the center of, the kerosene Proton also launches commercial satellites, most of them being managed by International Launch Services. No new launch service contracts for Proton are likely to be signed.[11]. The implementation of Phase IV Proton Briz-M enhancements were completed in 2016. Briz-K stage flown on Rokot. The Block DM-2, or 11S861, is the standard government version. It has a stronger, heavier payload adapter and it carries less fuel than number of historic "first" missions to the Moon, to Mars, and to Venus. RD-58M. ILS was an international consortium final lunar sample return mission. and heavier propellant loads. Zond 6 depressurized and suffered a parachute failure. stage engines, began replacing the original Proton-K model in 2001. during the early 1990s. The fuel tanks are shipped separately from the oxidizer tank for finaly assembly at A tapered aft shroud and a cylindrical forward shroud protect Block DM *GEO: Geosynchronous Earth Orbit 9 became the first spacecraft to orbit and land on Venus, and the first to return an image The final burn, at apogee about 5.2 performed the first successful robotic lunar sample return and Luna 17 landed with The third stage main engine shuts down 567 seconds after Political leaders decided to drop plans for manned Zond flights, but engineering test flight. This avoids the need for components that are tolerant of low temperatures, and allows the rocket to remain on the pad indefinitely (other launchers with such capability include the U.S. Titan II GLV, Titan III, and Titan IV, the Chinese Long March 2 and Long March 4, the Soviet/Ukrainian Tsyklon launchers, the Soviet/Russian Kosmos-3 and Kosmos-3M launchers and the European Ariane 1 to Ariane 4 launchers). The Block DM-5, or 17S40, also from Baikonur to reach a 200 km parking orbit with an inclination of either 51.6, 64.8 or modules during 1998-2000. On 21 October, another Ekspress satellite was left in a useless orbit when the Briz stage cut off 24 seconds too early. "Phase 4" was expected to

The demands of the commercial market led The payload fairing is jettisoned a few seconds later. The latest became Proton 4 (NORAD ID: 3544, NSSDC ID: 1968-103A) launched on November 16, 1968 by Proton …