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© 1986 Panda Symbol WWF – World Wide Fund For Nature (formerly World Wildlife Fund).

[10] The 2016 report was criticized by a professor at Duke University for over-representing western Europe, where more data were available. [3] Since 2006, the Zoological Society of London (ZSL) manages the index in cooperation with WWF.

The Living Planet Index: using species population time series to track trends in biodiversity.

Trans. Average rates of change are calculated and aggregated to the species level. The LPI has been adopted by the Convention of Biological Diversity (CBD) as an indicator of progress towards its 2011-2020 target to 'take effective and urgent action to halt the loss of biodiversity'.

Butchart, S. H. M., Walpole, M. et al. View our Cookie Policy. ", "Living Planet Index: Partners and Collaborators", "Widely misinterpreted report still shows catastrophic animal decline", "Report of the Eighth Meeting of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity", International Union for Conservation of Nature, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Living_Planet_Index&oldid=984922219, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 22 October 2020, at 22:07. [5] Since 1970, freshwater species have declined 83%, and tropical populations in South and Central America declined 89%. World Wide Fund for Nature - Living Planet Report. the World Wildlife Federation. 360: 289–295. The 2016 LPI draws on records of population size over time for: Threat type information is available for about a third of declining populations. Population sizes of vertebrate species measured by the Living Planet Index (LPI) have more than halved in little more than 40 years.

(I accept). This online portal allows you to search for and contribute data. "Animal populations have declined an astonishing 60 percent since 1970", "Crunching numbers: the data behind the Living Planet Index", "Wait, Have We Really Wiped Out 60 Percent of Animals? The main threats are habitat loss and degradation for example through direct impacts from dams and unsustainable water extractions, followed by overexploitation. Working to sustain the natural world for the benefit of people and nature.

The LPI, which measures trends in thousands of populations of mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians and fish across the globe shows a decline of 58 per cent between 1970 and 2012. [14] Talking to National Geographic, he criticised the attempt to combine data from different regions and ecosystems into a single figure, arguing that such reports are likely motivated by a desire to grab attention and raise money. Overfishing is the most common threat, and while some fisheries are now showing recovery because of stronger management measures, the majority of the fish stocks that contribute most to global fish catch are now either fully fished or overfished. The LPI, which measures trends in thousands of populations of mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians and fish across the globe shows a decline of 58 per cent between 1970 and 2012.

4,658 monitored populations of 1,678 terrestrial species. [3] Between 1970 and 2012 the index fell by 58%. The LPI has been adopted by the Convention of Biological Diversity (CBD) as an indicator of progress towards its 2011-2020 target to 'take effective and urgent action to halt the loss of biodiversity'. The Zoological Society of London (ZSL) manages the index in cooperation with the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) a.k.a. Loh, J., Green, R.E., Ricketts, T., Lamoreux, J., Jenkins, M., Kapos, V., and Randers, J., 2005. [3] WWF first published the index in 1998. This is done to counteract the uneven spatial and taxonomic distribution of data in the LPD. Any unsaved changes will be lost.

The three system indices are then averaged to produce the global LPI.

(2010) "Global Biodiversity: Indicators of Recent Declines." [21], Informing the CBD 2020 strategic plan, the Indicators and Assessments Unit at ZSL is concerned with ensuring the most rigorous and robust methods are implemented for the measurement of population trends, expanding the coverage of the LPI to more broadly represent biodiversity, and disaggregating the index in meaningful ways (such as assessing the changes in exploited or invasive species).[22]. [5] The authors note that, "An average trend in population change is not an average of total numbers of animals lost.

6,170 monitored populations of 1,353 marine species. The Living Planet Index (LPI) is an indicator of the state of global biological diversity, based on trends in vertebrate populations of species from around the world.

However, designated protected areas cover 15.4 per cent of the Earth’s land surface, which is likely to have slowed the decline in the terrestrial index compared to freshwater and marine indices. © Zoological Society of London and WWF 2014. Marine species populations declined 36 per cent between 1970 and 2012.

The LPI, which measures trends in thousands of populations of mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians and fish across the globe shows a decline of 58 per cent between 1970 and 2012. 2008 Report The majority of Earth’s land area is now modified by humans, which has had a large impact on biodiversity. pp. The Zoological Society of London (ZSL) manages the index in cooperation with the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) a.k.a. [5], In 2018, National Geographic said that the report had been "widely misinterpreted" as suggesting "we['d] lost 60 percent of all animals over the course of 40 years". [15], A 2017 investigation of the index by members of the ZSL team published in PLOS One found higher declines than had been estimated, and indications that in areas where less data is available, species might be declining more quickly.

"[1] According to the 2020 report, based on more than 4,000 tracked vertebrate species' population sizes, vertebrate populations have declined by 68% between 1970 and 2016. The Living Planet Index (LPI) is an indicator of the state of global biological diversity, based on trends in vertebrate populations of species from around the world. The world’s biodiversity is declining at an alarming rate. R. Soc. Living Planet Index is published every two years by the World Wide Fund for Nature. The global LPI is calculated using over 14,000 of these population time-series which are gathered from a variety of sources such as journals, online databases and government reports. This process uses a weighted average method which places most weight on the largest (most species-rich) groups within a biogeographic realm. [12], The fact that "all decreases in population size, regardless of whether they bring a population close to extinction, are equally accounted for" has been noted as a limitation. You are about to navigate away from this page.

Likewise, Ed Yong wrote in The Atlantic that the report was "widely mischaracterized—although the actual news is still grim". [6][7][8], As of 2014, the Living Planet Database (LPD) is maintained by ZSL, and contains more than 20,000 population trends for more than 4,200 species of fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals.[9]. Living Planet Index. The LPI is based on trends of thousands of population time series collected from monitored sites around the world. The Living Planet Index (LPI) is a measure of the state of the world's biological diversity based on population trends of vertebrate species from terrestrial, freshwater and marine habitats. [4] As of 2018, the vertebrate populations have declined by 60% over the past 44 years. If current trends continue, the decline could reach two-thirds by 2020. This global trend suggests that natural ecosystems are degrading at a rate unprecedented in human history. The main threats to these populations are habitat loss and degradation, for example conversion of natural areas for agricultural expansion, followed by overexploitation of species, such as unsustainable fishing. © 2020 WWF - World Wide Fund For Nature© 1986 Panda Symbol WWF – World Wide Fund For Nature (formerly World Wildlife Fund)® “WWF” is a WWF Registered Trademark Creative Commons license. [13], In 2005, WWF authors identified that the population data was potentially unrepresentative. Population sizes of vertebrate species measured by the Living Planet Index (LPI) have more than halved in little more than 40 years. UNEP (2006) Report on the eighth meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity In: CBD, editor. ", "The Living Planet Index: using species population time series to track trends in biodiversity", Report 2016: Risk and resilience in a new era, "WWF Report Reveals Staggering Extent of Human Impact on Planet", "Humans exploiting and destroying nature on unprecedented scale – report", "Human activity has wiped out two-thirds of world's wildlife since 1970, landmark report says", "The Diversity-Weighted Living Planet Index: Controlling for Taxonomic Bias in a Global Biodiversity Indicator", "Towards the global monitoring of biodiversity change", "WWF report: Mass wildlife loss caused by human consumption", "World wildlife 'falls by 58% in 40 years, "World to Lose Two-Thirds of Wild Animals by 2020? 3,324 monitored populations of 881 freshwater species.

Increasing deforestation and agricultural expansion were identified as key drivers and the largest decline of 94% in the LPI occurred in the tropical subregions of the Americas. [3] As of 2009, the database was found to contain too much bird data and gaps in the population coverage of tropical species, although it showed "little evidence of bias toward threatened species".

[19][20] It has also been adopted by the CBD as an indicator of progress towards its Nagoya Protocol 2011-2020 targets 5, 6, and 12 (part of the Aichi Biodiversity Targets). The Living Planet Index (LPI) is a measure of the state of the world's biological diversity based on population trends of vertebrate species from terrestrial, freshwater and marine habitats. [2], In April 2002, and again in 2006, at the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), 188 nations committed themselves to actions to: “… achieve, by 2010, a significant reduction of the current rate of biodiversity loss at the global, regional and national levels…”[18], The LPI played a pivotal role in measuring progress towards the CBD's 2010 target.

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[10][11], Each species trend is aggregated to produce an index for the terrestrial, marine and freshwater systems. It is based the their Living Planet Index and ecological footprint calculations. The latest edition of the Living Planet Report was released in October 2018.

[12], The index was originally developed in 1997 by the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) in collaboration with the World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), the biodiversity assessment and policy implementation arm of the United Nations Environment Programme. If current trends continue, the decline could reach two-thirds by 2020.

the World Wildlife Federation. 374. As of 2018, the index is statistically created from journal studies, online databases and government reports for 16,704 populations of 4,005 species of mammal, bird, reptile, amphibian and fish,[1] or approximately six percent of the world's vertebrate species. The majority of the decline in the marine LPI occurred between 1970 and the late 1980s, after which the trend stabilizes. B. The world’s biodiversity is declining at an alarming rate. A generalized additive modelling framework is used to determine the underlying trend in each population time-series. National and regional reports are now being produced to focus on relevant issues at a smaller scale. Are you sure you want to continue? The LPI for freshwater species shows the greatest decline, falling 81 per cent between 1970 and 2012. The Living Planet Index (LPI) is an indicator of the state of global biological diversity, based on trends in vertebrate populations of species from around the world.